Teaching To And Through Cultural Diversity

Questions: 1. Describe the impact that one (1) of the following historical events, government policies or legislation has had on the current health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities, families and individuals Loss of land Massacres Introduction of disease Assimilation Stolen generations Aborigines Protection Act White Australia policy 2. Describe the impact that one (1) of the following events, government policies and legislation has had on the current health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities, families and individuals Land rights movement Reconciliation policy Self Determination Language revival Social justice 3. Explain how historical events, government policies or legislation has impacted and helped to shape the current service delivery to Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander clients. 4. Explain three (3) issues that may influence relationships, communication, and partnership building with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples in service delivery. 5. Explain how your own cultural values and beliefs may influence service delivery to Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples. 6. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures and communities throughout Australia are diverse. You have just moved to a new community, and a part of your new job role is to deliver services and programs to the local Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander community. How would you consult and communicate with the community to ensure you are delivering a culturally safe service and program? 7. Gather five (5) resources about current programs and services in your community that provide an opportunity to form a partnership with. These programs and services must be targeted towards the local Aboriginal and or Torres Strait Islander community (examples may include pamphlets, brochures, webpages etc.).Research how one (1) of the services or programs (in 7a) evaluates the service’s or program’s outcomes and involves Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples in this process. From the information gathered in 7a, how has the services incorporated cultural safety strategies? And how can they further promote cultural safety practices including cultural awareness and cultural competence? Answers: Answer 1: In context of nursing perspectives, it is very important for the nursing professionals to be very open-minded and inclusive of all cultural backgrounds and respectful incorporation of all cultural perspectives in the practice scenario (Banks, 2015). As a nursing professional myself, I had always been very open-minded and inclusive regarding the different cultures. I would also like to mention the fact in this context that my family also had a very open-minded perspective regarding cultural diversity. As a result, I had also been taught the similar principles which has helped me develop a culturally inclusive and respectful approach to diversity devoid of any disrespect or bias directed to anyone. Self-awareness can be defined as the ability present in a human being to be able to understand the impacts of their actions and accordingly improve their decision making (Forehand & Kotchick, 2016). On the other hand, social awareness can be defined as the ability that helps a person comprehend and adequately respond to the different needs of the rest of the members of the society. However, in context of the social awareness I would like to mention that regardless of a very culturally appropriate and unbiased upbringing, I still have a couple of limitations that have restricted my ability to enhance my social and self-awareness. First and foremost, I am an introvert which has restricted me from enhancing my social awareness. Along with that, I lack the ability or apathy to use technology, which has also hindered me from social awareness. In order to improve my self and social awareness I would require to engage myself in different community engagement services and interaction session to help improve my interacting abilities. Answer 2: Diversity can be considered as one of the greatest concerns of the present day society and the need for understanding the concept of diversity has become extremely imperative, especially for the health and social care context (Gay, 2013). According to Markus (2014), diversity can be defined as the understanding that each and every individual in the society is different and unique. Hence, it can be mentioned that the concept of diversity requires us to not only acknowledge the differences between different members of the society but also be able to recognize, accept and respect the differences (Banks, 2015). Answer 3: Political diversity can be considered as a framework that helps the population of a nation in order to provide a representative governance that can impact the decision making process and affect the livelihood (Duarte et al., 2015). A politically diverse framework in the health industry will allow different positive policy decisions in the health context Social diversity is a state that allows the community to be able to provide equal status to all different by caste, class, religion, occupational pattern in a given territory. The impact of social diversity is extreme on the personal and professional life. It has to be mentioned that socially diverse community will have a very open and equal professional scenario where each and every consumer is treated equally regardless of their social status (Inbar & Lammers, 2012). Economic diversity can be defined as the diversity in the economic structures that relates with the relative importance of the different economic activities for the aggregate output. The impact of economic diversity ill have a very stabilizing impact of the financial status of the population of the community (Nicita & Pagano, 2013). Cultural diversity is by far one of the most impactful concepts within the construct of diversity (Forehand & Kotchick, 2016). The impact of cultural diversity is optimal on both personal and professional aspects of life. A culturally diverse workplace will have a positive impact of cultural and self-awareness of the person and will also help overcome any bias. Answer 4: Key area Examples Disability e.g. physical disability Muscular dystrophy Culture, race, ethnicity Aboriginal and Torres strait islanders Religious or spiritual beliefs Islam Gender, including transgender Gay men Intersex People with any hormonal, physiological or genetic traits that are neither completely male nor female Generational Different age groups such as elderly and youth Sexual orientation and/or sexual identity Transgender International: The international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights (OHCHR, 2018) National: National aboriginal and Torres Strait islander Women’s alliance (NATSIWA , 2018) State: NSW community mental health strategy (Australian State and Territory policies, plans and legislation, 2018) Territory: Aged care diversity framework (Agedcare.health.gov.au., 2018) Local: Mind diversity and inclusion framework (Mindaustralia.org.au, 2018) The consequences of breaching the legislative requirement ranges from professional demotions, monetary fine and even suspension and legal proceedings in severe cases. While caring for a diverse client a care professional will have to be very careful regarding the ethical and legal frameworks. Along with that, the care professional will need to be very careful regarding respecting the dignity and cultural identity of the patient under consideration (OHCHR, 2018). Universal declaration of the human rights have been drafted by the representatives of the various legal and cultural backgrounds belonging to each and every region of the world that are proclaimed by the United Nations general assembly held in Paris on 10th of December in 1948. It is a milestone document in the history of human rights stating recognition of the dignity and of the equal and incontrovertible rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2018). Human needs can be any regular need expressed by any human being and besides human rights represent the series of fundamental rights covering virtually every area of human activity including civil and political rights. Al legal frameworks including international, national, state, territory, and local legal frameworks along with the human rights protection policies are used in order to protect the human rights in the workplace. Answer 5: The Australian Government Department of Immigration and Citizenship: This is one of the most useful resources for the Australian people belonging to multicultural backgrounds to find help regarding any sorts of discrimination faced by them. Foundation house: This develops publications and resources that aids in enhancing the comprehension of the needs expressed by the refugees and other marginalized groups among different health professionals, government and the rest of the community The Australian Human Rights Commission: This has also been previously known as the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission which is an autonomous statutory organization providing educational and public awareness and addressing discrimination and human rights complaints for people belonging to the culturally diverse backgrounds (Australia’s human rights framework, 2018). Answer 6: It has to be mentioned that there are various ways that help in improving the cross cultural communication while working with the clients belonging to the various culture al backgrounds. F a client that belongs to the CALD or culturally and linguistically diverse background, one of greatest restrictions in the paths of effective communication is English language proficiency or the lack thereof in the CALD families (Martin & Nakayama, 2013). Along with that the cultural bias, lac of respectful approach and lack of co-operation from either or both parties can facilitate communication gap in the working scenario. Four strategies that the worker can take the assistance of while attempting effective communication with the CALD families includes: Using constructing communication strategies involving use of body language and non-verbal communication tricks to help the client understand the effort and be willing to co-operate equally to the process of communication. Use of respectful behaviour and body language towards the cultural background of the client and help the client feel valued and respected with choice of tone, gesture and eye contact (Kinloch & Metge, 2014). Take the assistance of a language interpreter to help understand the issues of the client and be able to serve him or her better. Using short and simple sentences to help the client with limited English language proficiency understand the content of the communication and repeat as many times as required to aid the client with empathy and compassion (Martin & Nakayama, 2013). Answer 7: Issues Barriers experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people Impact of barriers on access and engagement with care services Social Inequity faced by the aboriginals and Torres strait Islanders (ATSI) due to the social position or status The social barriers are often linked with bias and discrimination depending on the social position or status that the ATSI community face while attempting to access the care services or any other community engagement activities or services. This social isolation often negatively impacts the help seeing behaviour of the community and is manifested as reduced health status and life expectancy of these communities (McAdam, 2013) Political Policy imposed restriction faced by ATSI in the Australian coasts The policy restrictions faced by the ATSI by the Australian Government, especially the marginalized communities, has forced them to be isolated in the extremely impoverished living conditions. The hardships faced by these people has been reported to have a significant detrimental impact on their psychological health (Martin & Nakayama, 2013). Economic Low employability of the ATSI individuals The employment rate of the ATSI community members is remarkably low as compared to the mainstream society of the aboriginals. The impact of this barrier has affected the lifestyle and living conditions including nutritional and health status of the ATSI community members. Cultural Bullying and discrimination faced by the ATSI communities in the public sectors The cultural discrimination and bullying of the ATSI is still prevalent in all public sectors including health care, employment and in education. The impact of these barriers has extended towards affecting the physical and mental health of the ATSI communities, especially the youth, resulting at high suicide and alcohol consumption rates (Pickering & Weber, 2014) Answer 8: A few special needs of the asylum seekers in the Australian coasts includes psychological treatment and psychiatric therapeutic assistance helping them overcome the trauma of leaving their homeland and staying in the detention centres. Along with that, for the children that are asylum seekers, staying in the hardships of a detention centre often has a detrimental impact on the nutrition status or growth and development of these children. Hence, they especially require the attention of nutritionists and child welfare associations so that they can be provided better living conditions along with psychotherapeutic treatment (Pickering & Weber, 2014). A few protective factors that I would incorporate into the care program for the marginalized group of asylum seekers will include PTSD or post-traumatic stress disorder treatment, psychotherapeutic aid, growth and development assessment for the children and counselling consultation. The impact of the discrimination, trauma exclusion and negative attitude is extreme on the marginalized groups. They have often been found be dealing with acute physical and psychological trauma before immigrating to the Australian coasts, and upon arrival the discrimination, ill treatment and the experience of staying in the hardship-filled detention centres often lead to several mental disorders including depression, personality disorder, PTSD, and suicidal or self-harming tendencies (Phillips, 2013). Answer 9: The first cultural change that the Australian society has faced after the colonization period is the dominance of the European cultural practices and the western living styles that has influenced the living conditions and lifestyles of the many of native Australians (Hogbin, 2013). The second potential change that the Australian society has faced includes the dominance of English language as the operational language in the Australian communities which has also promoted the westernization of the Australian societal practices. The diverse input of the aboriginal and Torres Strait islander community is the third most influential change in the cultural practices of Australia which has completely changes the social identity of the ATSI community. Answer 10: As per the standard of practice of an Enrolled nurse in the Australian health care context, culturally appropriate and safe practice is one of the greatest requirements of the scope of practice and professional responsibilities if an enrolled nurse. Furthermore, according to the standard 4, the enrolled nurse is expected to prioritize the practicing in a manner that ensures that the rights, privacy, respect, and dignity of the clients, regardless of their cultural backgrounds, are upheld under all circumstances (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2018). According to the standard 2.4, the enrolled nurses are expected to provide care in a culturally safe manner as well. Hence, as an enrolled nurse I would have to ensure care delivery in the most culturally safe and appropriate manner while providing safe, effective and patient centred care to the patients. References: Aged Care Diversity Framework | Ageing and Aged Care. (2018). Retrieved from https://agedcare.health.gov.au/support-services/people-from-diverse-backgrounds/aged-care-diversity-framework Australian State and Territory policies, plans and legislation. (2018). Australian State and Territory policies, plans and legislation. Retrieved from https://www.mhima.org.au/framework/policies-plans-and-standards/australian-state-and-territory-policies-plans-and-legislation Australia’s human rights framework. (2018). Australia’s human rights framework Retrieved from https://www.humanrightscommission.vic.gov.au/human-rights/the-charter/australian-human-rights-framework Banks, J. A. (2015). Cultural diversity and education. Routledge. Duarte, J. L., Crawford, J. T., Stern, C., Haidt, J., Jussim, L., & Tetlock, P. E. (2015). Political diversity will improve social psychological science 1. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38. Forehand, R., & Kotchick, B. A. (2016). Cultural Diversity: A Wake-Up Call for Parent Training–Republished Article. Behavior therapy, 47(6), 981-992. Gay, G. (2013). Teaching to and through cultural diversity. Curriculum Inquiry, 43(1), 48-70. Hogbin, I. (2013). Transformation scene: the changing culture of a New Guinea village. Routledge. Inbar, Y., & Lammers, J. (2012). Political diversity in social and personality psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 496-503. Kinloch, P., & Metge, J. (2014). Talking past each other: problems of cross cultural communication. Victoria University Press. Markus, A. (2014). Attitudes to immigration and cultural diversity in Australia. Journal of Sociology, 50(1), 10-22. Martin, J. N., & Nakayama, T. K. (2013). Intercultural communication in contexts. New York: NY: McGraw-Hill. McAdam, J. (2013). Australia and asylum seekers. Mindaustralia.org.au. (2018). Mind diversity and inclusion framework. [online] Available at: https://www.mindaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/Mind_diversity_and_inclusion_framework.pdf [Accessed 25 Jul. 2018]. NATSIWA. (2018). Empowering Women to Advocate for Effective Policy. Retrieved from https://natsiwa.org.au/ Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia – Enrolled nurse standards for practice. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards/enrolled-nurse-standards-for-practice.aspx Nicita, A., & Pagano, U. (Eds.). (2013). The evolution of economic diversity. Routledge. OHCHR | International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. (2018). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx Phillips, J. (2013). Asylum seekers and refugees: what are the facts?. Canberra: Department of Parliamentary Services, Parliament of Australia. Pickering, S., & Weber, L. (2014). New Deterrence Scripts in Australia’s Rejuvenated Offshore Detention Regime for Asylum Seekers. Law & Social Inquiry, 39(4), 1006-1026. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (2018). Universal Declaration of Human Rights Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/

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